Imagery and Memory- The easiest and most accessible form of memory. It is easiest to remember words when associated with an image. Mostly, we remember visuals of good or bad moments more than moments that had no effect on us. An example would be remembering that the use of ships were common in the War of 1812, so when you think of ships, you will most likely remember the war's details better by association.
Mnemonics- Help to remember order or long passages. It uses association of visual items with the thing you are supposed to memorize. By visualizing the object, the word will come by association. Also, these devices can be applied using sound associations. Creating a song to remember order of something is an example of a mnemonic.
Ways to Organize Information for Encoding:
Chunking- A way to recall information by grouping words into groups that make sense to us. this can also occur with numbers. Eats Cake Boy is less easily memorized than Boy Eats Cake.
Hierarchies- Association with an expertise in an area. People use concepts from this expertise in order to memorize by using the concepts that relate to the information. I could associate memorization with rankings of the best lacrosse teams in the nation. Comparing the best part of the data to the best team in the nation.
Memory Trace- Recalling information based on a cue that reawakens that certain information. Helps us retrieve information that lies in long term, sensory, or short term memory.
Iconic Memory- Instant photographic memory. Our eyes can take in detail from an image in very small amounts of time. We can produce this image in our minds with precise detail. The card memory game with flipping and matching cards. Our memories can remember where the matching card is from seeing it only for a second.
Echoic Memory- Instant sound memory. Works in the same way as iconic memory but with sounds that are heard instantly instead of pictures being seen. This form of memory is more unstable than iconic memory. Memorizing song lyrics or commercial jingles are forms of echoic memory.
Long Term Potentiation- Strengthening of potential neural firing by stimulating memory neurons. It results in less prompting to release a neurotransmitter and increased receptor sites. It helps for learning and remembering by association.
Amnesia- The inability to formulate new memories or have old ones. Can occur from brain damage. Some people with amnesia can learn certain special memory skills but have no recollection of having learned the skill. In the movie 50 First Dates, Drew Barrymore forgets the day before everyday after she has a vicious accident. When Adam Sandler goes to make to her, he sees that she has painted a lot of pictures of him but has no idea why she did it.
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